Difference between revisions of "Workshop: Introduction to 2D CAD (with Inkscape)"

From Design and Build Lab
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "This tutorial will cover the basics of 2-dimensional Computer-aided design (CAD) using the software Inkscape.")
 
(beginning of the overhaul of the inkscape wiki)
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
{{Workshop header}}
 +
 
This tutorial will cover the basics of 2-dimensional [[Computer-aided design]] (CAD) using the software Inkscape.
 
This tutorial will cover the basics of 2-dimensional [[Computer-aided design]] (CAD) using the software Inkscape.
 +
 +
For more tools included in Inkscape not covered in the workshop, visit the wiki page for [[Inkscape (Open Source)|Inkscape]].
 +
 +
==Vectors==
 +
You may have used a digital drawing program before - perhaps MSPaint, or Paint.net, for example. Many drawing programs, including the two previously mentioned, store the image you create in '''bitmap''' form: it is made of an array of pixels, and each pixel is assigned a certain color. There is another way, however, to store image information: in the form of vectors. A '''vector''' is nothing more than at least two points in 2D space, in between which a line is drawn. In actuality, vectors stored as equations for a line, defined by the xy values of each of the points.
 +
 +
Why does this matter? Unlike a bitmap - which can be recreated in the real world with something like a dot-matrix printer - a vector drawing can be interpreted by a fabrication device which has xy controls and which understands equations. These devices make it possible to fabricate much more intricate designs than devices which work with bitmaps.
 +
 +
There are many vector-drawing applications; each effectively has the same capabilities, just organized differently. In DaBL we use Inkscape, because it is cross platform as well as free.
 +
 +
Vector components:
 +
 +
*Nodes (for anchor points)
 +
*Node handles (for creating Bezier curves)
 +
 +
==Object properties==
 +
Object and path properties:
 +
 +
*Stroke
 +
*Fill
 +
 +
==The Inkscape UI==
 +
Inkscape UI is fairly straightforward:
 +
 +
*Tools panel on left
 +
*Drawing canvas in middle
 +
*Snapping panel on right
 +
*Floating windows which can be docked (including Stroke and Fill, Layers, et al.)
 +
 +
==Tools within Inkscape==
 +
 +
===Lines===
 +
 +
*There are '''three''' different ways to draw lines
 +
**The '''freehand tool''' to draw them with a mouse or trackpad
 +
**The '''bezier curve''' tool to draw straight lines then curve them as necessary
 +
**The '''calligraphy pen''' imitates a brush
 +
 +
[[File:Bezier curve tool icon.png|alt=Bezier curve tool icon|thumb|Bezier curve tool icon]][[File:Freehand tool icon.png|alt=freehand tool icon|thumb|freehand tool icon]]
 +
 +
===Shapes===
 +
 +
*There are '''five''' ways to create distinct shapes/patterns
 +
**The '''square/rectangle tool'''
 +
**The '''3-D boxes tool'''
 +
**The '''circular tool'''
 +
**The '''polygon/stars''' '''tool'''
 +
**The '''spiral tool''' [[File:Shape tool .png|alt=shape tools |thumb|Shape tools icons]]
 +
 +
===Miscellaneous tools===
 +
 +
*Here are some other useful tools
 +
**The '''selection tool'''
 +
**The '''node editing tool'''
 +
**The '''sculpting tool'''
 +
**The '''magnification tool'''
 +
**The '''measurement tool'''
 +
**The '''text tool'''[[File:Text tool.png|alt=Text tool |thumb|Text tool ]][[File:Miscellaneous tools .png|alt=Miscellaneous tools|thumb|Miscellaneous tools]]
 +
 +
*Double clicking bottom fill tab or in the right hand side tab
 +
**Additionally, stroke paint can make the stroke style bigger and change the color.
 +
***For example: make the stroke red to cut out shapes on laser cutter
 +
**Plain line is ideal for laser (stroke needs to be 0.025 mm in width)
 +
**For laser cutter engravements the color needs to be black fill
 +
**Outlining a letter would need to be in blue stroke (0.025 mm)
 +
**eraser erases the paths for lines, works with the free hand closed lines
 +
**Bring in pictures into Inkskape, drag it in from google
 +
***Tip: Go for outlines of images to make things easier or something black in white
 +
***Colored pictures are do-able, just not always clear
 +
**Import image, right click, ''Trace Bitmap'', embedded image, check live preview (makes it black and white), change threshold to ensure outline is clear and visible
 +
***Types of Thresholds to change: ''Brightness cutoff'' & ''Edge detection''
 +
**Save images as .svg for laser cutter
 +
**Add layers, change the name of layers, delete layers, hide layers
 +
***In the right-hand side tab
 +
***Change layer by right clicking, ''move to layer''
 +
**Layer names displayed at the bottom
 +
**Generally, don't need to draw in page, you can draw anywhere
 +
**Put two objects together with union
 +
***Top bar, Path, Union
 +
**Snapping is similar to grouping, you can put a star in the corner of where the rectangle meets it automatically goes to the corner
 +
***Enable snapping on the right hand side and it only snaps to boxes <br />
 +
 +
**
 +
 +
==Layers==
 +
Layering is a way of organizing the objects on the canvas. It operates in a vertical hierarchical manner, the top most layer will correspond to the top layer of the image and so on. This is useful for perspective because you can make individual layers visible and invisible, as well as for grouping.
 +
 +
 +
Make sure, as with all digital design packages, to save early and save often. You will want to make sure to save as type .SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
 +
 +
 +
==Preparing your designs for CAM==
 +
If you're eventually going to be using one of DaBL's machines to fabricate your design, some considerations are in order. Each machine's CAM software has a specific way of interpreting your design; as such, setting up your design in a certain way may work for one type of machine, but not another. Each of the following CAM packages will allow import of 2D vector files:
 +
 +
*[[Universal Control Panel (software)|Laser cutting with UCP]]
 +
*[[GreatCut (software)|Vinyl cutting with GreatCut]]
 +
*[[Bantam Tools (software)|Milling with Bantam Tools software.]]
 +
 +
==Workshop checklist==
 +
 +
===Learning Objectives===
 +
By the end of this Workshop, you should:
 +
 +
#understand what vectors are.
 +
#know how to resize the canvas and change the default measurement units.
 +
#know how to work with vectors, including how to split and merge them.
 +
#know how to work with layers.
 +
#understand and utilize stroke and fill to change the appearance of elements.
 +
#know how to change the default color system and manipulate the palette.
 +
 +
===Measurable Outcomes===
 +
By the end of this Workshop, you should be able to:
 +
 +
#create your own vector elements, such as lines and shapes.
 +
#move elements around the canvas.
 +
#snap elements to other elements.
 +
#save your design as a PNG and as a PDF.

Latest revision as of 20:51, 4 March 2020

(Generally, this workshop is offered at least once every week on a rotating basis. Check the DaBL calendar for up-to-date availability!)

This tutorial will cover the basics of 2-dimensional Computer-aided design (CAD) using the software Inkscape.

For more tools included in Inkscape not covered in the workshop, visit the wiki page for Inkscape.

Vectors

You may have used a digital drawing program before - perhaps MSPaint, or Paint.net, for example. Many drawing programs, including the two previously mentioned, store the image you create in bitmap form: it is made of an array of pixels, and each pixel is assigned a certain color. There is another way, however, to store image information: in the form of vectors. A vector is nothing more than at least two points in 2D space, in between which a line is drawn. In actuality, vectors stored as equations for a line, defined by the xy values of each of the points.

Why does this matter? Unlike a bitmap - which can be recreated in the real world with something like a dot-matrix printer - a vector drawing can be interpreted by a fabrication device which has xy controls and which understands equations. These devices make it possible to fabricate much more intricate designs than devices which work with bitmaps.

There are many vector-drawing applications; each effectively has the same capabilities, just organized differently. In DaBL we use Inkscape, because it is cross platform as well as free.

Vector components:

  • Nodes (for anchor points)
  • Node handles (for creating Bezier curves)

Object properties

Object and path properties:

  • Stroke
  • Fill

The Inkscape UI

Inkscape UI is fairly straightforward:

  • Tools panel on left
  • Drawing canvas in middle
  • Snapping panel on right
  • Floating windows which can be docked (including Stroke and Fill, Layers, et al.)

Tools within Inkscape

Lines

  • There are three different ways to draw lines
    • The freehand tool to draw them with a mouse or trackpad
    • The bezier curve tool to draw straight lines then curve them as necessary
    • The calligraphy pen imitates a brush
Bezier curve tool icon
Bezier curve tool icon
freehand tool icon
freehand tool icon

Shapes

  • There are five ways to create distinct shapes/patterns
    • The square/rectangle tool
    • The 3-D boxes tool
    • The circular tool
    • The polygon/stars tool
    • The spiral tool
      shape tools
      Shape tools icons

Miscellaneous tools

  • Here are some other useful tools
    • The selection tool
    • The node editing tool
    • The sculpting tool
    • The magnification tool
    • The measurement tool
    • The text tool
      Text tool
      Text tool
      Miscellaneous tools
      Miscellaneous tools
  • Double clicking bottom fill tab or in the right hand side tab
    • Additionally, stroke paint can make the stroke style bigger and change the color.
      • For example: make the stroke red to cut out shapes on laser cutter
    • Plain line is ideal for laser (stroke needs to be 0.025 mm in width)
    • For laser cutter engravements the color needs to be black fill
    • Outlining a letter would need to be in blue stroke (0.025 mm)
    • eraser erases the paths for lines, works with the free hand closed lines
    • Bring in pictures into Inkskape, drag it in from google
      • Tip: Go for outlines of images to make things easier or something black in white
      • Colored pictures are do-able, just not always clear
    • Import image, right click, Trace Bitmap, embedded image, check live preview (makes it black and white), change threshold to ensure outline is clear and visible
      • Types of Thresholds to change: Brightness cutoff & Edge detection
    • Save images as .svg for laser cutter
    • Add layers, change the name of layers, delete layers, hide layers
      • In the right-hand side tab
      • Change layer by right clicking, move to layer
    • Layer names displayed at the bottom
    • Generally, don't need to draw in page, you can draw anywhere
    • Put two objects together with union
      • Top bar, Path, Union
    • Snapping is similar to grouping, you can put a star in the corner of where the rectangle meets it automatically goes to the corner
      • Enable snapping on the right hand side and it only snaps to boxes

Layers

Layering is a way of organizing the objects on the canvas. It operates in a vertical hierarchical manner, the top most layer will correspond to the top layer of the image and so on. This is useful for perspective because you can make individual layers visible and invisible, as well as for grouping.


Make sure, as with all digital design packages, to save early and save often. You will want to make sure to save as type .SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)


Preparing your designs for CAM

If you're eventually going to be using one of DaBL's machines to fabricate your design, some considerations are in order. Each machine's CAM software has a specific way of interpreting your design; as such, setting up your design in a certain way may work for one type of machine, but not another. Each of the following CAM packages will allow import of 2D vector files:

Workshop checklist

Learning Objectives

By the end of this Workshop, you should:

  1. understand what vectors are.
  2. know how to resize the canvas and change the default measurement units.
  3. know how to work with vectors, including how to split and merge them.
  4. know how to work with layers.
  5. understand and utilize stroke and fill to change the appearance of elements.
  6. know how to change the default color system and manipulate the palette.

Measurable Outcomes

By the end of this Workshop, you should be able to:

  1. create your own vector elements, such as lines and shapes.
  2. move elements around the canvas.
  3. snap elements to other elements.
  4. save your design as a PNG and as a PDF.